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[目的]为了解马铃薯光合生理特性及生长的适宜气象条件,以高效利用宁夏农业气候资源提高马铃薯品质与产量,大力发展宁夏特色农业,提高农民经济收入。[方法]利用CIRAS-Ⅰ型便携式光合测定仪测定马铃薯光合生理要素日变化,并运用统计学方法,分析宁夏西吉县马铃薯生理因子与气象因子日变化规律,研究作物生长关键期(开花期、块茎膨大期)气温、湿度、CO2浓度、光强等气象因子对马铃薯生理各要素日变化的影响。[结果]①马铃薯试验田间的空气湿度呈“U”型余弦曲线形式变化,而光合有效辐射和气温则表现出相反的变化趋势;②田间CO2浓度与马铃薯叶片细胞间隙CO2浓度成正相关性,二者日变化均呈“W型双峰”曲线;③马铃薯生长季内,在空气相对湿度较为适宜的晴天,其叶片的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度等生理要素的日变化与环境因子太阳辐射的日变化规律是一致的,都表现为“M型双峰”曲线形式,且有明显的“午休”现象;④光照过强引起叶片光合作用出现的“午休”现象通常与气温最高值和湿度最低值出现的时间同步。[结论]该研究可为宁夏地区马铃薯的大规模生产提供科学依据。
[Objective] The research aimed to understand the photosynthetic characteristics of potato and the suitable weather conditions for growth, and to make efficient use of agricultural climate resources in Ningxia to improve potato quality and yield, vigorously develop characteristic agriculture in Ningxia and improve farmers’ economic income. [Method] The diurnal variation of photosynthetic physiological factors of potato was determined by CIRAS-Ⅰ portable photosynthesis tester. The daily variation of physiological factors and meteorological factors of potato in Xiji County of Ningxia was analyzed by using statistical methods. The key points of crop growth (flowering period, Tuber expansion) temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, light intensity and other meteorological factors on the physiological changes of potato. [Result] ① The air humidity in potato field changed in the form of “U” cosine curve, while the photosynthetic active radiation and air temperature showed the opposite trend. ② The CO2 concentration in the field was positively correlated with the CO2 concentration in potato leaves , The diurnal changes of both showed “W-type double peak” curves. ③The diurnal changes of physiological factors such as photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in the sunny season with the relative humidity of the air during the potato growing season And the daily variation of solar radiation of environmental factors are the same, both of which show the shape of “M-type double-peaked curve”, and obvious “lunch break” phenomenon; ④the light intensity is too strong to cause the photosynthesis of leaves appear “ Lunch break ”phenomenon is usually the highest temperature and humidity the lowest value of the time synchronization. [Conclusion] This research could provide a scientific basis for large-scale potato production in Ningxia.