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目的了解神经内科患者医院感染发生状况,分析感染的危险因素,为探讨预防控制措施提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析2010年1月-2013年12月神经内科7 012例住院患者的临床资料,分析确诊为医院感染患者的感染率、感染部位及病原菌分布;并对医院感染的危险因素进行分析;采用SPSS11.5软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 7 012例患者发生医院感染者337例,感染率为4.8%,感染部位以下呼吸道感染为主,其次为上呼吸道感染、泌尿道、胃肠道,分别占35.9%、24.0%、17.8%、12.2%;病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,占66.3%,其次为革兰阳性菌占28.9%;患者>60岁、男性、住院时间长、合并有基础疾病、接受侵入性治疗操作、之前使用抗菌药物和糖皮质激素易发生医院感染(P<0.01)。结论神经内科患者医院感染率高,且危险因素较多,临床中应综合预防,提高整体预防效果。
Objective To understand the occurrence of nosocomial infections in neurological patients and to analyze the risk factors of infection and provide reference for the prevention and control measures. Methods The clinical data of 7 012 hospitalized patients in neurology from January 2010 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The infection rate, location of infection and distribution of pathogens in hospitalized patients were analyzed. The risk factors of nosocomial infection were analyzed. Using SPSS11.5 software for statistical analysis of the data. Results A total of 337 cases of nosocomial infections occurred in 7 012 patients, with an infection rate of 4.8%. Respiratory infections were the most common in the 7 012 cases, followed by upper respiratory tract infections, urinary tract and gastrointestinal tract, accounting for 35.9%, 24.0% and 17.8% 12.2%. Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens, accounting for 66.3%, followed by Gram-positive bacteria, accounting for 28.9%; patients> 60 years old, males, hospitalized for a long time, with underlying diseases, invasive treatment, Antimicrobials and glucocorticoids were associated with nosocomial infections (P <0.01). Conclusion Neurological patients have high nosocomial infection rate and many risk factors. Therefore, they should be integrated to prevent and improve the overall preventive effect in clinical practice.