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本文旨在探讨卡尔·马克思为资本和资本主义本质所做出的划时代揭示在当代的意义。在对市场概念的研究中,文章强调了资本主义市场经济和社会主义市场经济之间的对立关系。前者是基于剥削和对抗,后者则基于合作和互利。具有社会主义上层建筑和混合型经济基础特征的中国当前的发展模式,是对马克思的生产力和生产关系的概念以及同一经济体内部各种生产方式进行分析的一个最有指导意义的工具。本文采用了马克思在“剩余价值转化为资本”中的分析并指出,中国目前主要的客观条件不允许经济进行全方位的持续的扩张,中国只有在达到经济扩张的边界之后才能获得一个可持续的发展水平。最后,本文强调了中国共产党在实现“社会主义共同体”即一个真正意义上的社会主义秩序的道路上所起的重要作用。
The purpose of this article is to explore the contemporary significance of Karl Marx’s epoch-breaking disclosure of the nature of capital and capitalism. In the study of market concept, the article emphasizes the antagonistic relationship between the capitalist market economy and the socialist market economy. The former is based on exploitation and confrontation while the latter is based on cooperation and mutual benefit. The current development model of China, which is characterized by the superstructure of socialism and the mixed economy, is the most instructive tool for analyzing the concepts of Marx’s productive forces and relations of production and the various modes of production within the same economy. This article uses Marx’s analysis of “surplus value into capital ” and points out that at present, China’s main objective conditions do not allow the economy to expand in all aspects in an all-round way. Only after reaching the boundary of economic expansion can China obtain a Sustained level of development. Finally, this article emphasizes the important role played by the Chinese Communist Party in realizing the “socialist community”, that is, a truly socialist order.