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我们可以依据运作方式的不同而区分出三种类型的社会批判进路,即“建构”、“重构”和“系谱学”的进路。作为黑格尔左派的继承者,法兰克福学派一开始就走上了一条“重构的”社会批判道路,利用一种理性概念为一种内在地培育出来的理想的规范有效性奠定基础。但在面对国家社会主义的问题时,法兰克福学派的理论家们意识到,在理论上完善的社会有效性之下,也可能发展出偏离理想最初内涵的社会实践。因此,批判理论内部便发生了向尼采系谱学靠拢的倾向。黑格尔与尼采所代表的这两种运作方式的融合,形成了法兰克福学派独特的批判路径。
We can distinguish between the three types of social critical approaches, that is, the constructions of “”, “reconstruction ” and “pedigree ” according to the different modes of operation. As successors to the left of the Hegel, the Frankfurt School embarked on a critical path of social reconciliation from the outset and laid the groundwork for the normative validity of an internally nurtured ideal with a rational concept. But in the face of the problem of national socialism, the Frankfurt school theorists realized that under the theoretically perfect social validity, social practices that deviated from the original meaning of the ideal may also be developed. As a result, a tendency toward Nietzschean genealogy has taken place within critical theory. The integration of the two modes of operation represented by Hegel and Nietzsche forms a unique critical path for the Frankfurt School.