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目的评价生活方式干预对身体成分的影响。方法对263例参加年度健康体检的受试者给予健康风险评估和健康生活方式指导。对比两年度的生活方式和身体成分结果,并做统计推断。从膳食结构、各类食物的摄入量、体育锻炼、吸烟情况诸方面量化评估生活方式,分析生活方式的调整对身体成分的影响。结果经过健康生活方式教育,263例客人在米面、畜禽肉类、新鲜水果蔬菜摄入量和日均锻炼时间方面,有了显著的变化(P<0.05);而在粗粮、鱼虾、奶类、油、盐的摄入量及吸烟率和吸烟量方面,尚无显著性变化(P>0.05)。体脂率和腰臀比的变化差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而蛋白质总量、骨总量、水分含量无显著性变化(P>0.05)。结论基于健康风险评估基础上的健康教育,能够有效促使人们的生活方式向科学化、健康化发展。生活方式的良性调整对体成分的改善,主要表现在身体脂肪含量的减少上。生活方式的调整,较易做到的是减少肉食量,增加水果蔬菜量,增加身体活动量;而控烟、限油、限盐、增加粗粮和奶类摄入量,较难自觉做到。
Objective To evaluate the effect of lifestyle intervention on body composition. Methods A total of 263 participants in the annual physical examination were given health risk assessment and healthy lifestyle guidance. Compare lifestyle and body composition results for the two years and make statistical inferences. From the dietary structure, various types of food intake, physical exercise, smoking in all aspects of quantitative assessment of lifestyle, analysis of lifestyle changes on the body composition. Results After healthy lifestyle education, 263 guests had significant changes (P <0.05) in rice, poultry meat, intake of fresh fruits and vegetables and exercise time per day (P <0.05); while in coarse grains, fish and shrimp, milk There was no significant change in intake, smoking rate, and smoking among categories, oils, and salt (P> 0.05). Body fat percentage and waist-to-hip ratio had statistical significance (P <0.05), while there was no significant change in total protein, total bone mass and water content (P> 0.05). Conclusion Based on the health risk assessment, health education can effectively promote people’s life style to a scientific and healthy development. The benign lifestyle adjustments to the improvement of body composition, mainly reflected in the reduction of body fat content. Lifestyle adjustments easier to do is to reduce the amount of meat consumption, increase the amount of fruits and vegetables, increase physical activity; and tobacco control, limited oil, salt, increase coarse grains and milk intake, harder to consciously do.