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出于反对重商主义和垄断的需要,自由经济理论建立了完全竞争范式,并把完全竞争奉为经济学的金科玉律。自从20世纪40年代,熊彼特深刻地批判了完全竞争的缺陷以后,经济理论研究实际陷入了市场结构范式缺失的境地。50年代,舒马赫重谈完全竞争的老调,提出了“小的是美好的”理论。近期有学者根据SCP标准,提出了寡头垄断范式。也有学者希望通过对垄断企业的科学规制,建立完全垄断的市场结构范式。毫无疑问,作为经济学的基础理论,市场结构范式不可或缺。因此,建立一个合理的市场结构范式评价体系刻不容缓。
For the sake of opposing mercantilism and monopoly, the theory of free economy established a perfect competition paradigm and regarded perfect competition as the golden rule of economics. Since Schumpeter critically criticized the imperfection of perfect competition in the 1940s, the study of economic theory has actually fallen into a deficient market structure paradigm. In the 1950s, Schumacher reiterated the old tune of perfect competition and put forward the theory of “small is beautiful.” Recently, some scholars proposed the oligopoly model based on the SCP standard. Some scholars also hope that through the scientific regulation of monopoly enterprises, we will establish a completely monopolized market structure paradigm. Undoubtedly, as the basic theory of economics, the market structure paradigm is indispensable. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a reasonable market structure evaluation system.