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德国著名化学家哈恩早年从事放射化学研究,在矿物分离等研究过程中,出人意料地发现了放射性钍Th、锕Ac及镤_(91)~(234)Pa等;1938年,哈恩、斯特拉斯曼和梅特纳,在费米、伊仑·居里等人用中子轰击铀核的实验基础上,进行了大量的实验与分析,提出了中子打进铀核,引起铀核剧烈振荡,使铀核发生形变,最后分裂成两个原子核.铀核裂变既放出巨大能量,又释放出中子.每一个铀核裂变,将放出200MeV的能量,并且放出2—3个中子,这些中子被另外的铀核分别吸收,又再引起铀核裂变,如此继续下去,形成链式反应.1942年费米利用核裂变的链式反应,建立了世界上第一个可控的链式反应装置——核反应堆,揭开了人类利用原子能的新篇章.原子能首先在军事上应用.1945年美国最先安装了核爆炸装置,制造和爆炸了原子弹,1949年苏联也研制成功原子弹,打破了美国的核垄断,英国于1952年、法国于1960年相继试爆原子弹成功.我国也于1964年成功爆炸了自己研制的第一颗原子弹.
The famous German chemist Hahn was engaged in the research of radiochemistry in his early years. During the research on mineral separation, he unexpectedly discovered the radioactive thorium Th, actinides Ac and (91) -234 Pa etc. In 1938, Hahn Stella Schmitt and Metterna, in Fermi, Eren Curry and others on the basis of experiments with neutron bombardment of uranium nuclei, conducted a large number of experiments and analysis, proposed neutron into the uranium nucleus, causing severe uranium nuclei Oscillation, uranium nuclear deformation, and finally split into two nuclei.Uranium nuclear fission both release a huge energy, but also release neutrons.Each uranium nuclear fission, will release 200MeV energy, and release 2-3 neutrons, These neutrons were separately absorbed by uranium nuclei, and then cause uranium nuclear fission, so continue, the formation of chain reaction .Family in 1942 with nuclear fission chain reaction, the world’s first controllable chain was established Nuclear reactors, opened a new chapter in the use of atomic energy by mankind. Atomic energy was first applied to the military. In 1945, the United States first installed a nuclear explosive device to manufacture and explode the atomic bomb. In 1949, the Soviet Union also developed a successful atomic bomb and broke The United States nuclear monopoly, the United Kingdom in 1952 French atomic bomb test explosion in 1960 have been successful. China has also exploded in 1964 successfully developed their own first atomic bomb.