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意识形态属于一种观念的体系。但是,阿尔都塞认为,这种观念的体系具有物质的形态,可以被“物”化在人们的日常行动中。当资本主义社会进入后现代社会阶段,国家的干预使经济基础与上层建筑之间的传统界限被超越,日常生活中的经济行为不仅仅是经济基础同时也是意识形态。按照鲍德里亚的分析,人们的经济行为成为维持资本主义经济系统的一部分,成为维持社会控制的一部分。而贝尔所说的意识形态终结只是表明以阶级斗争为基础的意识形态终结了,并不意味着意识形态彻底终结了,而是说新的意识形态出现了,渗透到日常生活一切领域中的意识形态出现了。马尔库塞所说的生存斗争永恒化就是这样的意识形态。人们在这里误解了自己与“物”之间的关系。
Ideology belongs to a system of ideas. However, Althusser believes that this system of ideas has a material form that can be “materialized” in the daily actions of people. When capitalist society entered the stage of post-modern society, the intervention of the state surpassed the traditional boundary between economic foundation and superstructure, and the economic activities in daily life were not only the economic basis but also the ideology. According to Baudrillard’s analysis, people’s economic behavior has become part of maintaining the capitalist economic system and becoming part of maintaining social control. And the end of ideology, as Bell said, merely shows that the ideology based on class struggle has ended. It does not mean that ideology has completely come to an end, but rather that new ideologies have emerged that permeate all fields of daily life Form appeared. Marcuse said the eternalization of the struggle for survival is such an ideology. Here people have misunderstood their relationship with “things ”.