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盆栽条件下,研究了生物炭与有机无机肥配施对烟草生育期内干物质积累量、烟草和土壤重金属汞含量、烟株根系土壤p H、烟草保护酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)生物炭与低量有机肥(70%氮磷钾复合肥+30%芝麻饼肥)配施一定程度地增加了烟草生育期干物质积累量;烟草成熟期根、茎、叶干物质量较未施肥处理增加363.77%、32.10%、136.22%,根干物质量生物炭与低量有机肥配施较未添加生物炭的增加47.01%。(2)高量有机肥(70%)处理烟株和土壤重金属含量较高,低量和中量有机肥(50%)配施较低,成熟期时重金属含量表现为根>茎>下部叶>中部叶>上部叶,生物炭与低量有机无机肥配施与低量有机无机肥施用相比,烟草根、茎、叶以及根际土壤汞含量降低21.81%、10.64%、18.00%、12.50%。(3)生物炭与低量有机肥配施生育期内p H提升幅度不大,成熟期显著提高了烟叶SOD、CAT活性。综上所述,汞胁迫下生物炭和低量有机肥配施既能有效降低汞对烟草的危害,抑制烟草对汞的富集,提高烟叶的保护酶活性,还能够增加土壤有机质含量,提高土壤养分的有效性和肥料的利用率,促进烟叶生长。
Under potted condition, the effects of biochar and organic-inorganic fertilizers on dry matter accumulation, heavy metal mercury content in tobacco and soil, p H in tobacco roots and protective enzyme activities in tobacco during growth period were studied. The results showed that: (1) The combination of biochar and low-level organic fertilizer (70% NPK + 30% sesame cake fertilizer) increased the dry matter accumulation of tobacco at certain growth stage; The dry matter mass increased 363.77%, 32.10%, 136.22% compared with no fertilization treatment. The combined application of biochar and low amount of organic fertilizer with dry matter increased by 47.01% compared with that without biochar. (2) The treatment of high-level organic fertilizer (70%) had a higher content of heavy metals in tobacco plants and soil, and lower and middle-level organic manure (50%) was lower. The content of heavy metals in mature plants was root> stem> > Middle leaves> application of upper leaves, biochar and low organic-inorganic fertilizers decreased the mercury content in roots, stems, leaves and rhizosphere soils by 21.81%, 10.64%, 18.00%, 12.50 %. (3) The increase of p H during the growth period of biochar and low-volume organic fertilizer was not significant, and the activity of SOD and CAT in tobacco leaves was significantly increased at maturity. In conclusion, the combined application of biochar and low-level organic manure under mercury stress can not only effectively reduce the harm of mercury to tobacco, inhibit the enrichment of mercury by tobacco, increase the activity of protective enzymes in tobacco leaves, but also increase the content of soil organic matter and increase The effectiveness of soil nutrients and fertilizer utilization, to promote tobacco growth.