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目的探讨延续性护理干预在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者中的应用效果。方法选取谷城县庙滩中心卫生院2014—2016年收治的COPD稳定期患者194例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组97例。对照组患者予以院内常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予延续护理干预。比较两组患者出院时及出院1年后肺功能[第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_1)、FEV_1与用力肺活量比值(FEV_1/FVC)、FEV1占预计值百分比(FEV_1%)]、6 min步行距离(6MWD)及COPD评估测试量表(CAT)评分、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分,并统计患者1年内疾病复发情况。结果出院时,两组患者FEV_1、FEV_1/FVC、FEV_1%、6MWD和CAT评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);出院1年,观察组患者FEV_1、FEV_1/FVC、FEV_1%高于对照组,6MWD长于对照组,CAT评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。出院时,两组患者SDS评分、SAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);出院1年,观察组患者SDS评分、SAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者1年内急性发作率、复门诊率及再次住院率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论延续护理干预可有效提高COPD患者的肺功能,改善患者的心理状态,减少疾病复发。
Objective To investigate the effect of continuous nursing intervention in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods 194 patients with stable COPD from 2014 to 2016 in Miaotang Central Hospital of Gucheng County were randomly divided into control group and observation group with 97 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were given routine nursing care in the hospital. The observation group was given continuous nursing intervention on the basis of the control group. Pulmonary function (FEV_1, FEV_1 / FEV 1 / FVC, FEV 1% of expected value (FEV_1%)] at discharge and at 1 year after discharge were compared between the two groups and 6 min Distance (6MWD), COPD, CAT, SDS, and SAS were calculated. The patients’ relapse rate was calculated within one year. Results There was no significant difference in FEV 1, FEV 1 / FVC, FEV 1%, 6MWD and CAT scores between the two groups at discharge (P> 0.05). The FEV 1, FEV 1 / FVC and FEV 1% The control group, 6MWD longer than the control group, CAT score was lower than the control group (P <0.05). At discharge, there was no significant difference in SDS score and SAS score between the two groups (P> 0.05). One year after discharge, SDS score and SAS score in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). The incidences of acute attacks, outpatient visits and re-hospitalizations in observation group were lower than those in control group within one year (P <0.05). Conclusion Continuation of nursing intervention can effectively improve lung function in patients with COPD, improve the patient’s psychological status and reduce the recurrence of the disease.