清朝是中国封建君主专制统治的最后一个王朝,又是距离我们最近的一个封建王朝。不仅今日之版图疆域及新中国成立之初的入口基数奠定于清朝,而且当代中国的经济、政治、文化、军事、外交、民族关系等诸多方面的问题,也大都是由清朝演化、延伸而来。可以说,要深刻了解中国的国情,离不开对清代历史的科学认识。因而,清史 The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of the dictatorship of the feudal monarchy in China and the feudal dynasty nearest us. Not only the territory of today’s territory and the entry base of the founding of New China were laid in the Qing Dynasty, but most of the problems of contemporary China in its economic, political, cultural, military, diplomatic and ethnic relations have also evolved from the Qing Dynasty . It can be said that a profound understanding of China’s national conditions can not be separated from the scientific understanding of the history of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, Qing history