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鱼类群落结构及其完整性是渔业资源有效管理的重要组成部分。根据2008-2012年夏季(8月)湛江湾海域拖网渔业资源调查数据,本文通过单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)、种类相对重要性指数(IRI)、多样性指数分析了鱼类群落结构;在此基础上应用赋值法构建了鱼类完整性评价指数(F-IBI),以评价该鱼类群落的完整性和受干扰程度。结果表明:该海域共捕获鱼类103种,隶属于17目48科,以鲈形目种类数(58种)最多;质量渔获率、尾数渔获率依次为39.5~75.1 kg/h,1.0×103~1.8×104尾/h;优势种以裘氏小沙丁鱼(Sardinella jussieu)为主。鱼类种类丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)分别为3.34~5.03和2.80~3.28。2008-2012年CPUE均值为(16.11±5.13)kg/(kw·d),整个海湾的年均资源量约为(93.04±26.44)t。鱼类群落完整性分析表明,2008-2012年湛江湾鱼类群落受轻度干扰,鱼类群落完整性较好;2009、2010年湛江湾鱼类群落受干扰程度较重,其余年份较小。此外,2010-2012年鱼类个体平均体质量较2008-2009年降低了53.9%,一定程度上反映了鱼类个体的小型化。
Fish community structure and its integrity are important components of the effective management of fisheries resources. According to the survey data of trawl fishery resources in the Zhanjiang Bay during the summer of 2008-2012 (August), the paper analyzed the fish community structure through the unit catch effort (CPUE), species relative importance index (IRI) and diversity index Based on this, the fish integrity assessment index (F-IBI) was constructed by using the assignment method to evaluate the integrity and degree of disturbance of the fish community. The results showed that 103 species of fish were captured in this area, belonging to 17 orders and 48 families, with the highest number of perciformes (58 species); the catch rate of mass and mantissa were 39.5 ~ 75.1 kg / h and 1.0 × 103 ~ 1.8 × 104 tail / h. The dominant species is Sardinella jussieu. The species richness index (D) and Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H ’) were 3.34-5.03 and 2.80-3.38, respectively. The average of CPUE in 2008-2012 was (16.11 ± 5.13) kg / (kw · d) The average annual resource of the entire bay is about (93.04 ± 26.44) t. The analysis of fish community integrity showed that the fish communities in Zhanjiang Bay were slightly disturbed and the fish community integrity was good from 2008 to 2012; In 2009 and 2010, the fish communities in Zhanjiang Bay were more disturbed and the rest of the year was smaller. In addition, the average body mass of fish individuals in 2010-2012 decreased by 53.9% from 2008-2009, reflecting to some extent the miniaturization of fish individuals.