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本文通过扼要检讨韩国现代史,认为大韩民国的历史可以从理念史的角度归纳为:民族主义的稀释、民主主义的停滞以及歪曲资本主义的历史。而韩国所有理念形态的争议归根结底都由对稀释、停滞和歪曲的批判以及为它们进行的辩护所派生出来。在这一意义上,现今的诸种理念争议其实既是围绕着韩国现代史解释的争议,同时又是围绕韩国政体正统性的争议。除非有理念能够彻底诠释韩国的正统性,否则这些争议不会终止。而在此历史时刻到来之前,韩国史将难逃马基雅维里有关权力和正统性的分析,即公认正统性的缺乏,使得赤裸裸的权力斗争在政治中占据过重分量。
Through a brief review of the modern history of South Korea, this paper argues that the history of the Republic of Korea can be summarized from the perspective of the history of ideas as: the dilution of nationalism, the stagnation of democracy and the distortion of the history of capitalism. The controversy over all the conceptions of South Korea, in the final analysis, is derived from the critiques of dilution, stagnation and distortion, as well as the defenses they have taken. In this sense, the controversies over today’s various ideas are actually controversies surrounding the interpretation of the modern history of South Korea and at the same time controversies surrounding the orthodox nature of the Korean political system. Unless there is a philosophy that can completely explain South Korea’s orthodoxy, these disputes will not end. Before this historical moment comes, the history of South Korea will miss the analysis of Machiavelli’s analysis of power and orthodoxy. That is, the lack of generally accepted orthodoxy makes the naked power struggle overweight in politics.