The dynamics of tree layer biomass was studied by combining 35 sample plots of field census with biomass model estimation in a natural Quercus aliena var.acutesrata community on Mountain Xiaolong in Gansu Province,China.The tree layer biomass of Quercus aliena var.acutesrata community was 183 660 kg/ha,in which the slow growth group accounted for 64.89% of the total biomass.The fast-medium growth group accounted for 33.40% and the coniferous group accounted for 1.38%.The organs biomass was found to be in the following order:trunk＞root＞branch＞leaf.The total biomass accumulated with the development of the community.The total biomass and the biomass of the organs were highest in the mature community and became stable as the community developed.The relative growth rate of organs was in the following order:trunk＞branch＞root＞leaf.The biomass ratio of the slow growth group trees tended to increase and the fast-medium group trees tended to decrease as the community developed,which was reveresed in the decline development stage.The biomass of the coniferous group was very small throughout the development process.