论文部分内容阅读
目的了解医院感染现状,为有效控制医院感染发生提供依据。方法采用床旁和病案调查相结合的方式,对2012年8月24日住院患者进行调查分析。结果共调查1348例患者,感染21例,现患率为1.6%;现患率较高的科室是神经内科、呼吸内科、普外科,现患率分别为4.3%、3.8%、3.6%;感染部位以呼吸道、手术切口和创面为主,分别占34.4%、27.6%、17.2%;共分离病原菌28株,排名前3位病原菌依次为金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌,分别占25.0%、17.9%、17.9%;气管切开、输血为医院感染的高危因素(P<0.05);调查当日有740例使用了抗菌药物,使用率54.9%,一联使用550例,占74.3%;二联使用187例,占25.3%;三联使用3例,占0.4%;使用抗菌药物的目的中预防性用药占22.2%,治疗性用药占72.2%,治疗+预防用药占5.6%;标本送检率为45.4%。结论现患率调查基本反映医院感染实际情况,应加强医院感染预防控制措施及目标性检测,提高医院标本送检,规范科室抗菌药物的使用。
Objective To understand the current status of nosocomial infection and provide evidence for effective control of nosocomial infections. Methods A combination of bedside and medical records were used to investigate the inpatients on August 24, 2012. Results A total of 1348 cases were investigated and 21 cases were infected. The prevalence rate was 1.6%. The departments with higher prevalence were neurology, respiratory medicine and general surgery. The prevalence rates were 4.3%, 3.8% and 3.6% respectively. , Surgical incisions and wounds, accounting for 34.4%, 27.6% and 17.2% respectively. A total of 28 pathogenic bacteria were isolated. The top three pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, accounting for 25.0%, 17.9% and 17.9% respectively. Tracheotomy and blood transfusion were risk factors of nosocomial infection (740 cases). On the day of investigation, antibiotics were used in 740 cases, with a utilization rate of 54.9% and a combined use of 550 cases (74.3% ; 187 cases were used in combination, accounting for 25.3%; 3 cases were used in triple therapy, accounting for 0.4%; 22.2% were used prophylactically for the purpose of antibacterial drugs, 72.2% for therapeutic drugs and 5.6% for treatment and prophylaxis; The rate was 45.4%. Conclusion The prevalence rate survey basically reflects the actual situation of nosocomial infection. Hospital infection prevention and control measures and targeted testing should be strengthened to improve the submission of hospital specimens and to standardize the use of antimicrobial agents in departments.