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本文从商人集团与国家相互博弈的政治经济学角度,对美国经济“起飞”的原因做出尝试性的解释。文章认为,美国立国后,通过国会立法、政府推行的以关税保护和国家银行为核心的贸易、金融政策,国家对工商业集团给予制度上的特别支持。在国家力量的保护和支持下,美国商人建立了自己的工商业体系,这一过程与美国国家实力和政府权力的迅速扩张同步。国家与商人之间的长期合作,推动了具备增长潜力的产业和贸易结构及有效的资本市场的确立,这是确保美国经济崛起的重要因素。
This article tries to explain the reasons for the “take-off” of the U.S. economy from the perspective of political economy in which businessmen groups play against each other. The article argues that after the founding of the United States, the state gives special institutional support to industrial and commercial groups through the legislation of the legislature and the trade and financial policies promoted by the government with tariff protection and the national bank as the core. With the protection and support of the national forces, the American businessmen established their own system of business and commerce, a process in keeping with the rapid expansion of the U.S. national power and government power. Long-term cooperation between nations and businessmen has promoted the establishment of industries and trade structures with growth potential and effective capital markets, which are important factors in ensuring the rise of the U.S. economy.