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目的:调查分析福州市2010-2016年麻疹流行病学特征,探讨加速控制及消除麻疹的策略。方法:采用Excel表,对2010-2016年福州市麻疹发病情况、发病时间、发病地区、发病性别及年龄、发病人群、临床表现和计划免疫情况等进行调查分析。结果:2010-2016年,福州市共报告麻疹病例429例,年均发病率为0.87/10万。每年3~8月为麻疹高发期,占发病总数的85.08%。近7年福州市麻疹发病病例主要分布在鼓楼、仓山、晋安等县(市)区。男女发病比例为1.38∶1;发病以<8月龄婴儿和>15岁为主要人群,且主要集中于散居儿童、家政家务及待业、商业服务人员。临床表现中除发热和出疹外,咳嗽、卡他症状和结膜炎的病例分别占总病例数的93.47%、69.46%和51.52%。2010-2016年,福州市麻疹类疫苗报告接种率与市级调查接种率均维持在95%以上;在429例麻疹病例中,有确切的麻疹类疫苗接种史28例(6.53%),无麻疹类疫苗接种史225例(52.45%);接种史不详176例(41.03%)。结论:福州市2010-2016年麻疹仍有散在发病,且主要集中在<8月龄的婴儿和>15岁人群。建议今后在巩固麻疹疫苗常规免疫工作的同时,重点关注婴幼儿和成年人群,尤其是对未生育的育龄期妇女进行含麻疹和风疹疫苗免疫接种。
Objective: To investigate and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Fuzhou from 2010 to 2016 and to explore strategies to speed up the control and eliminate measles. Methods: The incidence of measles, the time of onset, the area of onset, the sex and age of onset, the incidence of the disease, the clinical manifestations and the status of immunization during 2010-2016 in Fuzhou were investigated by Excel. Results: From 2010 to 2016, 429 measles cases were reported in Fuzhou, with an average annual incidence of 0.87 / 100 000. March to August each year for the high incidence of measles, accounting for 85.08% of the total incidence. In the recent seven years, the incidence of measles in Fuzhou mainly distributed in Gulou, Cangshan and Jin’an counties (cities). The incidence of males and females was 1.38: 1. The incidence was mainly in infants <8 months old and> 15 years old, and mainly concentrated in the diaspora, housekeeping and unemployed, commercial service personnel. Clinical manifestations in addition to fever and rash, cough, catarrhal symptoms and conjunctivitis cases accounted for 93.47%, 69.46% and 51.52% of the total number of cases. In 2010-2016, the vaccination coverage rate of measles vaccine in Fuzhou and the inoculation rate of municipal investigation were both above 95%. Among the 429 measles cases, there were 28 cases (6.53%) with measles vaccination history without measles 225 cases (52.45%) were vaccinated in history and 176 cases (41.03%) were unknown in vaccination history. Conclusions: Measles in Fuzhou City is still sporadic from 2010-2016, and is mainly concentrated in infants aged <8 months and> 15 years old. It is recommended that, while consolidating the routine immunization of measles vaccine, we will focus on infants and young children and adult populations, especially measles and rubella vaccination of women of childbearing age who are not giving birth.