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1973年和1979年,世界爆发了石油危机。受其波及,世界主要的石油进口国之一的巴西因石油短缺和油价上涨,工业发展受到限制,国际收支不平衡,一年间的通货膨胀曾高达60%,国家经济受到了猛烈冲击。2001年6月起,巴西发生长达9个月的电力危机。此次能源危机最主要的原因是由于遭遇历史上最严重的旱灾,用于发电的水库几近干涸,影响了电力供应。为此,政府强迫企业减少用电20%,限制了工业生产的进一步扩大,给国家和企业的经济发展带来严重损失。这两次能源危机,是巴西自20世纪开始工业化进程以来,遭受的最为严重的能源危机,对巴西经济的发展产生了严重的影响。同时,也迫使巴西政府多方开发能源,促使能源生产和消费发生了一定的变化。
In 1973 and 1979, there was an oil crisis in the world. Affected by its spread, Brazil, one of the world’s major oil-importing countries, has been suffering from a shortage of oil and rising oil prices. Industrial development has been hindered. The balance of payments has been unbalanced. As a result, inflation hit 60% in one year and the economy of the country has been severely affected. Since June 2001, nine months of power crisis has taken place in Brazil. The main reason for the energy crisis is that due to the worst drought in history, the reservoir for power generation has nearly dried up, affecting the power supply. To this end, the government forced enterprises to reduce electricity consumption by 20%, limiting the further expansion of industrial production and causing serious losses to the economic development of the country and its enterprises. These two energy crises are the most serious energy crisis that Brazil has suffered since the industrialization started in the 20th century and have had a serious impact on the economic development of Brazil. At the same time, it also forced the Brazilian government to develop energy sources in many ways, prompting a certain change in energy production and consumption.