出版社:中央编译出版社在过去,评价一位艺术家所达到的高度在极大程度上取决于他或她忠实描绘现实世界的技能,不论是在纸或画布上,还是用木头或石头雕刻人像。人们期望中的一幅正规的肖像画应该是逼真、忠实的画像,而风景画应当在每一处细节上都能让人辨识得出。但是,特别是在照相术诞生之后,许多艺术家不再创作这样“真实”的画像,而转向更为直接的图像,试图传达出自己对主题的感受。通常,一根“简单的”线条就取代了早期艺术家竭尽全力画出的细节。在艺术追求发生巨大转变之初,批评家就误把显而易见的缺乏技巧 Press: Central Compilation and Translation Press In the past, assessing the degree to which an artist attained greatly depends on his or her skill in faithfully depicting the real world, whether on paper or on canvas, or carving portraits of wood or stone . A formal portrayal of people’s expectations should be realistic and faithful portraits, and landscapes should be discernible in every detail. However, especially after the birth of photography, many artists no longer create such “real” portraits, but turn to more direct images in an attempt to convey their own feelings about the subject. Usually, a “simple” line replaces the details that the earlier artist tried to draw. At the dawn of a dramatic shift in the pursuit of the arts, critics mistake the obvious lack of skills