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一、什么是遗传工程遗传工程有着广义和狭义的两种含义,前者包括细胞、染色体和基因(分子)三个水平的内容,即是细胞工程、染色体工程和基因工程的总称,后者仅指基因工程。现在大多数人所说的遗传工程就是基因工程的同义语。它是七十年代,在分子遗传学基础上发展起来的新兴学科,主要研究遗传物质(基因或 DNA 分子)的识别、分离和引入异种细胞,并在异种细胞中表现出来。遗传工程的最大特点是打破了生物种间界线的限制,使动植物微生物(甚至人类)之间的遗传物质可以相互转移和重组,使人类能够定向地控制和改变生物的遗传,有可能创造出前所未有的生物新类型。它对于育种、遗传病治疗、传染病的预防、发酵工业、肿瘤防治、环境保护、国防等方面都有直接关系,而且对于分析了解遗传物质(基因)的结构和功能、生物体分化、发育以及生命起源等基本理论问题也有重大的意义。
First, what is genetic engineering Genetic engineering has two broad and narrow sense, the former includes cells, chromosomes and genes (molecules) three levels of content, that is, cell engineering, chromosome engineering and genetic engineering in general, the latter refers only to Genetic Engineering. Now what most people call genetic engineering is synonymous with genetic engineering. It is a new discipline developed in the seventies based on molecular genetics. It mainly studies the identification of genetic material (genes or DNA molecules), separation and introduction of xenogeneic cells, and manifests itself in xenogeneic cells. The most prominent feature of genetic engineering is that it breaks the limit of the boundaries between biological species and makes the genetic material between animal and plant microorganisms (even human beings) can transfer and recombinate with each other so that human beings can control and change the genetics of the organism directionally, and it is possible to create An unprecedented new type of creature. It is directly related to breeding, genetic disease treatment, prevention of infectious diseases, fermentation industry, cancer prevention and control, environmental protection, national defense and other aspects. It also analyzes and analyzes the structure and function of genetic material (genes), biological differentiation, development and The origin of life and other basic theoretical issues are also of great significance.