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马克思在《哲学的贫困》中对经济危机理论的构建进行了尝试性的探索和思考。首先,通过批判和破解普鲁东政治经济学的范畴,构建新型的政治经济学的研究范畴,确立了危机理论研究的对象。其次,通过批判普鲁东的分工观点,对工业化分工进行深入的研究,对劳动者丧失技艺导致贫困并且有支付能力需求下降地位问题进行了初步的探索。最后,通过研究分工和垄断这一对范畴,探寻生产过剩的根源,为研究危机埋下了伏笔。
In “Poverty of Philosophy”, Marx made tentative exploration and reflection on the construction of economic crisis theory. First of all, by criticizing and breaking down the categories of Proudhon political economy, a new category of political economy research is established, and the object of the crisis theory research is established. Secondly, through the criticism of Proudhon’s division of labor perspective, it makes an in-depth study of the division of labor in industry, and makes a preliminary exploration of the problem of laborers losing their skills leading to poverty and having the ability to pay. Finally, by studying the category of division of labor and monopoly, exploring the root causes of overproduction has laid a foundation for studying the crisis.