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目的了解长沙市人群甲型H1N1流感病毒感染状况和免疫水平。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法,从长沙五个城区选取1 500人进行问卷调查,并采集血液标本进行甲型H1N1流感病毒血凝抗体检测。结果调查人群中共有559人甲型H1N1流感抗体呈阳性,阳性率37.27%;经标化后,估计长沙市城区人群抗体阳性率为30.47%。按年龄组分,6~15岁(55.97%)和16~24岁(50.51%)组抗体阳性率较高;按职业分,学生(56.35%)和医务人员(57.14%)抗体阳性率较高。已接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗的人群抗体阳性率(77.08%)明显高于未接种组(27.81%)。长沙市普通人群甲型H1N1流感的感染率27.81%,隐性感染者比例为41.54%。2009年5月-2010年1月流感样病例的抗体阳性率(36.04%)较非流感样病例(26.21%)高;2007-2010年1月接种过季节性流感疫苗人群的抗体阳性率(40.00%)高于未接种组(26.88%)。结论长沙市人群尚未建立应对甲型H1N1流感有效的免疫屏障,仍需加强防控;接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗是获得保护性抗体最有效的途径。
Objective To understand the status and immunization status of influenza A (H1N1) virus in Changsha population. Methods A multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 1 500 people from five urban districts of Changsha for questionnaire survey. Blood samples were collected for the detection of influenza A (H1N1) virus hemagglutination antibody. Results A total of 559 people were positive for the influenza A (H1N1) antibody in the survey population, with a positive rate of 37.27%. After the standardization, the positive rate of antibody in the urban area of Changsha was estimated to be 30.47%. According to the age group, the antibody positive rate was higher in patients aged 6-15 years (55.97%) and in patients aged 16-24 years (50.51%). The antibody positive rate was 56.35% (56.35%) and medical staff (57.14%) by occupation, . The positive rate of antibody in group vaccinated with influenza A (H1N1) vaccine (77.08%) was significantly higher than that in non-vaccinated group (27.81%). The prevalence of Influenza A (H1N1) in the general population in Changsha was 27.81%, and that of latent infection was 41.54%. The positive rate of antibody in influenza-like cases (36.04%) was higher than that in non-influenza-like cases (26.21%) from May 2009 to January 2010; the positive rate of antibodies in people vaccinated with seasonal influenza vaccine from January 2007 to January 2010 was 40.00 %) Higher than the unvaccinated group (26.88%). Conclusion The population of Changsha City has not yet established an effective immune barrier against Influenza A (H1N1), so it is still necessary to strengthen its prevention and control. Influenza A (H1N1) vaccination is the most effective way to obtain protective antibodies.