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系统性血管炎的病理特征为血管壁的炎症坏死,以及在某些情况下形成肉芽肿,其临床表现取决于受累血管的大小及范围,轻则仅有轻微皮肤病变及脏器损害,重则表现为发展迅速的多脏器组织坏死及功能衰竭。肾脏是最易受侵犯的脏器之一,可表现为肾小球节段性坏死或大量新月体形成。近年来,血管炎的发病率有增多趋势,而大多数血管炎的自然演变必然导致器官功能衰竭,最常导致进行性肾功能不全,危及生命,而适当应用免疫抑制剂治疗能够非常有效地控制病情活动,延长生存时间。目前,血管炎的治疗有了很大进展,5年存活率由不到10%提高至80％以上,现综述如下。
Pathological features of systemic vasculitis are inflammation and necrosis of the vessel wall, and, in some cases, granulomas, whose clinical manifestations depend on the size and extent of the vessel involved, ranging from mild skin lesions and organ damage to severe The performance of the rapid development of multiple organ tissue necrosis and failure. The kidney is one of the most vulnerable organs, can be manifested as segmental glomerular necrosis or a large number of crescent formation. In recent years, the incidence of vasculitis has an increasing trend, and most of the natural evolution of vasculitis will inevitably lead to organ failure, most often lead to progressive renal insufficiency, life-threatening, while the appropriate application of immunosuppressive therapy can be very effectively controlled Disease activity, prolong survival time. At present, the treatment of vasculitis has made great progress, 5-year survival rate increased from less than 10% to more than 80%, are summarized below.