Structures of a series of activated carbon fibers were modified by impregnating them with organic and inorganic materials such as Methylene blue(Mb)、p-nitrophenol (PNP)、NaCl or by oxidizing with KMnO4 or HNO3. The influence of pore filling or chemical treatment on their xenon adsorption properties was studied. The experimental results show that Mb and PNP filling of activated carbon fibers result in the decrease of xenon adsorption capacities of these treated ACFs, which is due to the decrease of their surface area and micro-pore volume. However, the adsorption capacity increases greatly with oxidizing treatment of activated carbon fibers by 7mol/L HNO3. Structures of a series of activated carbon fibers were modified by impregnating them with organic and inorganic materials such as Methylene blue (Mb), p-nitrophenol (PNP), NaCl or by oxidizing with KMnO4 or HNO3. The influence of pore filling or chemical treatment The experimental results show that Mb and PNP filling of activated carbon fibers result in the decrease of xenon adsorption capacities of these treated ACFs, which is due to the decrease of their surface area and micro-pore volume. However, the adsorption capacity increases greatly with oxidizing treatment of activated carbon fibers by 7 mol / L HNO3.