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目的了解芜湖市镜湖区居民的健康素养水平,分析相关影响因素,为干预措施的选择和政府相关政策的制定提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,完全随机抽样抽取5个街道,再完全随机从每个街道中抽取1个居委会。通过问卷开展调查,视正确回答80%及以上调查内容的对象为具备健康素养。结果镜湖区居民具备健康素养的比例为25.53%。具备基本知识与理念素养、健康生活方式与行为素养、基本技能素养的人群比例分别为33.81%、18.72%和21.05%。具备7类健康问题素养人群的比例由高到低排列分别为:科学健康观78.72%、安全与急救62.37%、信息的获取和理解33.93%、慢性病预防32.34%、传染病预防31.29%、基本医疗21.89%、日常保健16.77%。健康素养在文化程度和家庭年收入方面差异均有统计学意义(均有P<0.05)。结论镜湖区居民总体健康素养水平不高,有个别项目薄弱,需开展针对性的健康教育工作,拓展健康教育形式,针对薄弱知识点,薄弱人群进行重点干预并稳定开展健康素养监测工作。
Objective To understand the health literacy of residents in Jinghu District of Wuhu City and analyze the related influencing factors so as to provide a scientific basis for the selection of interventions and the formulation of relevant government policies. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted. Five streets were sampled randomly and randomly. One neighborhood committee was randomly selected from each street. According to the questionnaire survey, 80% of respondents who correctly answered the survey are health literate. Results The proportion of residents with health literacy in Jinghu District was 25.53%. The proportion of people with basic knowledge and ideological literacy, healthy lifestyles and behavioral literacy, and basic technical literacy were 33.81%, 18.72% and 21.05% respectively. The proportion of people with quality of health care in 7 categories ranked from high to low: 78.72% for scientific health concept, 62.37% for safety and first aid, 33.93% for information acquisition and understanding, 32.34% for prevention of chronic diseases, 31.29% for prevention of infectious diseases, 21.89%, daily health 16.77%. The differences of health literacy in education level and family annual income were statistically significant (both P <0.05). Conclusion The overall health literacy of residents in Jinghu Lake is not high, and some of the projects are weak. We need to carry out targeted health education, expand the forms of health education, focus on the weak knowledge points and the weak population, and carry out the monitoring of health literacy steadily.