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[目的]掌握陕西关中地区猕猴桃溃疡病发病特点,筛选出对猕猴桃溃疡病有防治作用的植物内生放线菌。[方法]对陕西关中地区(杨陵、周至、眉县)13个村65个猕猴桃园中猕猴桃溃疡病发病特点进行调查分析,同时在242株植物内生放线菌中筛选猕猴桃溃疡病菌拮抗菌株并进行田间病害防治试验。[结果]陕西关中地区猕猴桃溃疡病的平均发病率达7.95%;猕猴桃品种与发病率密切相关。对猕猴桃溃疡菌有抑制活性的菌株有76株,其中35株的发酵液对猕猴桃溃疡菌的抑菌圈直径≥20mm,TIASA5菌株对4种靶标细菌均具有抑制活性,而gCLA4菌株不仅对4种靶标细菌具有抑制活性,还对10种植物病原真菌有较强的抑制活性。田间试验结果表明,gCLA4菌株发酵液对猕猴桃溃疡病具有明显防效,21d的相对防效可达66.7%。[结论]gCLA4菌发酵液的抑菌谱广,gCLA4菌具有开发成为一种广谱农用杀菌剂的潜力。
[Objective] The research aimed to grasp the characteristics of kiwifruit ulcer disease in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province and screen out the endophytic actinomycetes which have the preventive and curative effect on kiwifruit ulcer disease. [Method] The incidence of kiwifruit disease in 65 kiwifruit orchards in 13 villages of Guanzhong region (Yangling, Zhouzhi and Meixian) in Shaanxi Province was investigated. Antagonistic strains of Actinidia ulmoides were screened from 242 endophytic actinomycetes Conduct field disease prevention and control experiments. [Result] The average incidence of kiwifruit disease in Guanzhong area was 7.95%. The kiwifruit variety was closely related to the incidence. There were 76 strains with inhibitory activity on kiwifruit ulcer, of which 35 strains had inhibitory ring diameter of ≥20mm for kiwifruit ulcer and TIASA5 strain had inhibitory activity against 4 target bacteria, while gCLA4 strain not only inhibited 4 kinds Target bacteria have inhibitory activity, but also 10 kinds of plant pathogenic fungi have strong inhibitory activity. Field experiments showed that the fermentation broth of gCLA4 strain had significant anti-kiwifruit disease control effect, and the relative control effect reached 66.7% on 21d. [Conclusion] The antibacterial spectrum of gCLA4 fermentation broth was broad, and gCLA4 had the potential to develop into a broad-spectrum agricultural fungicide.