引言在土木工程实践中,土工问题的解决在很大程度上要依靠个人的经验和判断,依靠对已成工程的深入调查所取得的教益。这种经验作法在实际设计施工中还起着相当大的作用;当然,随着土力学这门学科的发展,土力学起的作用,特别在改善设计方法方面起的作用将越来越重要。谁都承认我们在土力学领域内已经取得了相当显著的进展,但 Introduction In the civil engineering practice, solving the geotechnical problems depends to a large extent on personal experience and judgment, and on the lessons learned from the in-depth investigation of completed projects. This kind of empirical practice also plays a significant role in the actual design and construction; of course, with the development of the discipline of soil mechanics, the role played by soil mechanics, especially in improving the design method will play an increasingly important role. Everyone admits that we have made considerable progress in the field of soil mechanics, but