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目的 :为揭示 3种常见尘肺即矽肺、煤工尘肺和石棉肺的死因病谱及其变化趋势。方法 :以 1949～ 1998年四川省尘肺病监测系统中的病例为基础 ,对自 6 0年代以来 1391例死亡病例作死因分析。结果 :在前 3位死因中 ,矽肺患者为尘肺 (即慢性呼吸功能衰竭 )、肺炎和肺结核 ,煤工尘肺患者为尘肺、慢性肺心病和其它疾病 ,石棉肺患者为慢性肺心病、其它疾病和肺恶性肿瘤。不同类型的尘肺死因的构成变化趋势不相同 ,死于呼吸系统疾病的患者比例在矽肺和石棉肺中呈明显下降趋势 ,而在煤工尘肺中则呈上升趋势 ;石棉肺和煤工尘肺中死于恶性肿瘤的患者比例均呈现下降趋势。结论 :3种尘肺死因病谱不尽相同 ,不同年代间亦有一定差异。应积极防治尘肺患者呼吸系统尤其是慢性呼吸功能衰竭、肺心病和肺结核等并发症的发生
Objective: To reveal the pathogenic changes of the three common pneumoconiosis, silicosis, coal workers’ pneumoconiosis and asbestosis. Methods: Based on the cases of the pneumoconiosis surveillance system in Sichuan Province from 1949 to 1998, the cause of death was analyzed for 1391 deaths since the 1960s. Results: Among the top 3 causes of death, silicosis patients were pneumoconiosis (chronic respiratory failure), pneumonia and tuberculosis, coal worker’s pneumoconiosis patients were pneumoconiosis, chronic pulmonary heart disease and other diseases, asbestosis patients were chronic pulmonary heart disease, other diseases and Lung cancer. The causes of pneumoconiosis caused by different types of pneumoconiosis were not the same. The proportion of patients died of respiratory diseases decreased significantly in silicosis and asbestosis but increased in coal workers’ pneumoconiosis. In asbestosis and coal worker pneumoconiosis The proportion of patients with malignant tumors showed a downward trend. Conclusion: The three pneumoconiosis causes vary from illness to illness, and there are also some differences between different ages. Should actively prevent and treat pneumoconiosis patients respiratory system, especially chronic respiratory failure, pulmonary heart disease and tuberculosis and other complications