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DC 的来源和分化发育所处的阶段与其功能有非常密切的关系,未成熟的 DC 能摄取和加工处理抗原,处于成熟期的 DC 则能提呈抗原并活化处女型 T 细胞(Naive T cells)。来源于髓系的 DC 前体可发育为 LC,再进一步发育为成熟的 DC,也可先发育为 Mo 再进一步发育为成熟的DC。髓系 DC 的主要功能为加工处理和提呈外源性抗原(包括自身细胞衰老、突变等产生的抗原)。目前用于体外研究的髓系 DC 常来源于小鼠骨髓和脾脏、人 CD34~+干细胞及人 Mo,来源于淋巴系的 DC 主要参与中枢和外周免疫耐受,目前常用于体外研究的淋巴系 DC 主要为胸腺内 DC。体内外这两类来源的 DC 分化发育和成熟需要不同的刺激信号。
The origin of DC and the stage of differentiation and development are closely related to its function. Immature DCs can ingest and process antigens, and mature DCs can present antigens and activate virion T cells. . DC precursors derived from the myeloid can develop into LC, further develop into mature DCs, and can also develop into Mo and further develop into mature DCs. The main function of myeloid DC is to process and present exogenous antigens (including those produced by senescence, mutation, etc. of own cells). Myeloid DCs currently used in in vitro studies are often derived from mouse bone marrow and spleen, human CD34 + stem cells and human Mo. Lymphoid derived DCs are primarily involved in central and peripheral immune tolerance and are commonly used in in vitro lymphatic system DC is mainly thymus DC. Differentiation and maturation of DCs both in vitro and in vivo require different stimulation signals.