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目的:观察天津市流感病毒流行特点以及发生禽流感疫情时的情况。方法:2001年10月—2004年3月3个冬春季的类流感患者咽拭子标本采用MDCK细胞和鸡胚双腔法分离流感病毒,用鸡红细胞和豚鼠红细胞凝集试验(HA)证实是否存在病毒,再用红细胞凝集抑制试验(HI)进行型和亚型的鉴定。2004年用RT-PCR方法检测禽流感疫情区发热患者咽拭子标本。结果:3个监测周期共采集类流感样患者咽拭子标本953份,分离出流感毒株285株,总检出率为29.9%,男女比例为1.06∶1,其中A(H1N1)亚型4.6%(13/285株),A(H3N2)亚型59.6%(170/285株),B型35.8%(102/285株)。285株流感病毒都能适应MDCK细胞,但阳性标本液直接接种鸡胚阳性率极低,仅为2.1%(6/285)。21份禽流感监测咽拭子标本H5亚型RT-PCR结果为阴性。结论:天津地区同时存在A(H1N1)、A(H3N2)和B型流感病毒,12月为发病高峰。天津市2004年发生禽流感时未发现人感染H5亚型禽流感病毒。
Objective: To observe the epidemic characteristics of influenza virus in Tianjin and the situation of bird flu outbreak. Methods: Throat swab samples from three winter and spring flu seasons were collected from October 2001 to March 2004. The influenza viruses were isolated by MDCK cells and chicken embryo double chamber method. The presence of chicken erythrocytes and guinea pig erythrocyte agglutination test (HA) Virus, and then the hemagglutination inhibition test (HI) for the type and subtype identification. In 2004, RT-PCR was used to detect throat swabs in febrile patients in the outbreak area of bird flu. Results: A total of 953 swab samples of influenza-like patients were collected during the three monitoring cycles. 285 influenza strains were isolated, with a total detection rate of 29.9% and a male / female ratio of 1.06:1. A (H1N1) subtype 4.6 (13/285 strains), A (H3N2) subtype 59.6% (170/285 strains) and B type 35.8% (102/285 strains). 285 strains of influenza virus can adapt to MDCK cells, but the positive specimens directly vaccinated chicken embryo positive rate was very low, only 2.1% (6/285). The 21 H5 subtype RT-PCR results of throat swab specimens were negative. Conclusion: There are A (H1N1), A (H3N2) and B influenza viruses in Tianjin at the same time, and the peak is in December. No human infection with H5 subtype of avian influenza virus was detected in Tianjin in 2004.