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中国劳动力市场明显地分割为农村就业部门、城市非正规就业部门和城市正规就业部门。由于劳动力市场分割,劳动者并不能够在各种不同的市场上自由流动,农村劳动者被限制在农村就业部门和城市的非正规就业部门。这两个部门对劳动者的人力资本特征并无太高的要求,劳动者收入的高低仅仅与自己付出的劳动量有关。这种状况刺激了劳动供给的增加,抑制了农村家庭进行人力资本积累的积极性。因此,消除劳动力市场的各种分割,促进劳动力在更大的地域空间和职业空间内流动,应当成为未来劳动力政策的重点。
The Chinese labor market is clearly divided into rural employment agencies, urban informal employment agencies and urban formal employment agencies. Because of labor market segmentation, workers are not free to move freely in different markets and rural workers are restricted to rural employment and urban informal employment sectors. These two departments do not place too high demands on the human capital characteristics of workers, and the income of workers is only related to the amount of labor they have to pay. This situation stimulated the increase of labor supply and inhibited the enthusiasm of rural families for the accumulation of human capital. Therefore, the elimination of various divisions in the labor market and the promotion of labor mobility in a larger geographical and occupational space should be the focus of future workforce policies.