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目的用环境扫描电镜(ESEM)观察毛囊蠕形螨和皮脂蠕形螨足及外生殖器的超微结构,并讨论其分类意义。方法用刮片式及镊式取螨器从成人额部皮肤取出活螨,用显微操作技术清洗分离后1 h内用ESEM进行扫描、拍照。结果清楚地观察到两种人体蠕形螨足和外生殖器的超微结构。发现两种蠕形螨足爪的形态和数目、外生殖器的位置和外形均不同:毛囊蠕形螨的足较粗壮,有股距,每足跗节具双叉爪、三叉爪各1个,叉爪较钝,双叉爪后有一指向后方的爪距;雌螨阴门位于腹面第4对足水平正中,纵向裂缝状阴门与其前方的一弧形皱褶呈锚状;雄螨外生殖器位于背部4个背足体毛中央,阳茎呈毛笔头状可从生殖口伸出。皮脂蠕形螨足较细,无股距,足跗节的叉爪尖锐且数量和外形变异较大,无爪距;雌螨阴门位于腹面第4对足水平正中之后,纵向裂缝状阴门与其前后两条弧形皱褶呈“工”字形;观察50条皮脂蠕形螨未见雄性外生殖器。结论用环境扫描电镜观察人体蠕形螨,标本不需特殊处理,得到的图像清晰、饱满。足和外生殖器超微结构的不同对于两种蠕形螨有分类学意义。
Objective To observe the ultrastructure of Demodex folliculorum and Demodex verrucae and genitalia with environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and to discuss its classification significance. [Methods] The living mites were removed from the adult frontal skin using a scraper and tweezer, and were scanned with ESEM within 1 h after being cleaned and separated by microsurgical technique. The results clearly observed the ultrastructure of the two human Demodex mites and external genitalia. The results showed that the morphology and number of the two kinds of demodex footprints are different, the position and shape of the external genitalia are different: the foot follicles of the dermatophytes are relatively thick and have a stripe distance, each has two bifurcated claws and one tridentate claw, Paws claw blunt, after a double claw claw pointing to the rear of the distance; female mites vulva located in the ventral fourth pair of feet in the middle level, the longitudinal crack-shaped front door and an arc-shaped folds are anchors; male mites outside the genitals in the back 4 dorsal body hair central, penis-like stem can be extended from the genital mouth. Sebaceous Demodex foot finer, no shares away from the foot of the section claw sharp and large number and shape variation, no claw; female mite vulva located in the ventral fourth pair of feet in the middle level, Two arcuate folds were “workers ” glyph; observed 50 sebaceous Demodex mites male external genitalia. Conclusion The human demodex mite was observed with environmental scanning electron microscope, and the specimen was not needed special treatment. The obtained image was clear and full. The differences in the ultrastructure of the foot and external genitalia have taxonomic significance for both Demodex species.