教学活动是一个以学生已有的知识和经验为基础的主动建构过程。对学生来说,一次完整的课堂学习可以描述为学生从他的认知起点,到课堂学习目标之间的认知发展过程。在学习目标既定的情况下,起点的选择决定着课堂教学的成败。 Teaching activity is an active construction process based on the students’ existing knowledge and experience. For students, a complete classroom learning can be described as the cognitive process of students’ development from his cognitive starting point to the learning objectives of the classroom. In the case of established learning goals, the choice of starting point determines the success of classroom teaching.