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以4×7交配模式共得正、反交F_1杂交组合56个。对包括这11个自交系在内的15个自交系和包括这56个组合在内的60个 F_1组合(另外4个 F_1组合均为正交)研究了13个玉米株型性状的遗传表达和亲子关系。根据上部第1～8片叶的叶夹角和棒三叶的叶向值等9个性状对15个自交系和32个杂交种分别进行聚类分析。得到如下主要结果:①13个株型性状的正、反交 F_1间差异不显著。②对13个株型性状的遗传模型和杂种优势来源作了初步推断。株高(PH)、穗上一叶叶向值(LOV1)、棒三叶叶向值(LOV3)、穗上叶平均叶夹角(AALA)、穗上平均叶间距(AILA)、穗下平均叶间距(AILB)和穗上平均叶长(ALLA)等性状的加性方差显著大于显性方差,说明这些性状的遗传主要来自加性作用。穗位高(EH)、雄穗分枝数(TB)、茎粗(SD)、单株叶面积(LAP)、棒三叶叶面积(ALNE)和穗上平均叶宽(ALWA)的遗传由加性和非加性共同决定。③按8个穗上叶夹角和 LOV3所作的聚类分析可以把玉米自交系和杂交种的株型分为紧凑型、近紧凑型、近平展型和平展型四类;并可从自交系和杂交种聚类分析结果的对比看出株型性状的亲子关系。④针对各株型性状的遗传表达特点讨论了相应性状改良与选择的途径。
A total of 56 reciprocal F_1 hybrids were obtained by 4 × 7 mating pattern. The genetic characters of 13 maize plant traits were studied on 15 inbred lines including these 11 inbred lines and 60 F_1 combinations including these 56 combinations (the other 4 F_1 combinations were orthogonal) Expression and parent-child relationship. Fifteen inbred lines and 32 hybrids were clustered according to the 9 traits including leaf angle at the first leaf of the first leaf and the leaf orientation of the rod-clover. The main results are as follows: ① There was no significant difference between F_1 and F_1 in 13 plant type traits. ② The genetic models of 13 plant-type traits and the origin of heterosis were preliminarily inferred. Plant height (PH), LOV1, LOV3, AALA, AILA, average under panicles The additive variance of AILB and ALLA was significantly greater than that of dominant variance, indicating that the inheritance of these traits mainly came from additive effect. EH, TB, SD, LAP, ALNE and ALWA were determined by the genetic distance from Additive and non-additive common decision. ③ According to 8 panicle angle and LOV3 clustering analysis, the plant types of maize inbred lines and hybrids can be divided into four types: compact, nearly compact, nearly flat and flat; Cross-lineage and hybrid clustering analysis of the results of comparison of plant-type traits of parent-child relationship. ④ According to the characteristics of each plant type traits, the ways of improving and selecting the corresponding traits were discussed.