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变速过程中振动特征的提取及其识别对于旋转机械故障诊断是极其重要的，本文通过对发电设备旋转机械中常见的不对中、轴裂纹、动静件碰摩、基础部件松动故障的运动微分方程及三维谱图的分析，讨论了变速过程中系统振动所包含的故障信息。分析表明这几类带有故障的转子系统都是非线性振动系统，振动三维谱图中含有丰富的高次谐波分量，可以用对三维谱图进行扫描的方法来发现故障信息。三维谱图可以丰富旋转机械故障诊断系统知识库中的振动特征信息，对于更准确地诊断发电设备中的故障具有重要的意义
In the process of speed change, the vibration feature extraction and identification are extremely important for the diagnosis of rotating machinery fault. This paper analyzes the common misalignment, shaft crack, dynamic and static friction, basic differential motion equations and The analysis of the three-dimensional spectrum, discusses the system vibration contained in the process of speed change fault information. The analysis shows that these types of faulty rotor systems are all non-linear vibration systems. The vibration three-dimensional spectrum contains a lot of higher harmonic components, and the three-dimensional spectrum can be scanned to find the fault information. The three-dimensional spectrogram can enrich the vibration characteristic information in the knowledge base of the rotating machinery fault diagnosis system, which is of great significance for diagnosing the fault in the power generation equipment more accurately