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1851年在广西桂平县金田村爆发了太平天国农民起义,次年6月太平军进入湖南南部,在湘不到半年时间,即增加人数10余万,兵种完善,战斗力大为增强。可是13年后,这场中国近代史上空前规模的农民起义却被以湘军为骨干的中外反动势力所镇压。纵观太平天国运动产生发展直至失败的全过程,无不使人们去注意和考察湖南历史。笔者在研究湖南近代流民及其社会经济环境的基础上,进而就湖南近代相对过剩人口问题及其对太平天国革命的影响作一简要分析。
In 1851, a Taiping Heavenly King peasant uprising broke out in Jintian Village, Guiping County, Guangxi. In June of the following year, the Taiping army entered southern Hunan. In less than half a year, the number of troops in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom increased by more than 100,000, and its arms were improved and its combat effectiveness greatly enhanced. However, after 13 years, the unprecedented peasant uprising in modern Chinese history was suppressed by the Chinese and foreign reactionary forces with the Hunan army as the backbone. Looking at the whole process of the development of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement until its failure all make people pay attention to and study the history of Hunan. Based on the study of modern migrants in Hunan and their socio-economic environment, the author analyzes briefly the problem of relative surplus population in modern Hunan and its influence on the revolution of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.