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西方的新政治经济学的政治研究涉及西方国家政治中的几乎全部领域,包括投票、竞选、政党、官僚、利益集团、政府等方面,其中既涉及立法过程,也涉及行政过程。新政治经济学自20世纪50年代出现以来,在西方发展非常迅速,特别是20世纪70年代以来,呈飞跃式发展。以美国的情况为例,20世纪90年代,美国的各个大学中均有新政治经济学的支持者,出现一大批有关的著作,在专业期刊中,有关的论文数量急剧上升。新政治经济学研究的问题都是典型的政治问题,但使用了新的分析手段,得出的结论也与传统政治学不同,其中一些观点带有突破性,因而这种学术现象被新政治经济学的学者自称为“理性选择革命”。本文拟从几个基本概念入手,从方法论的角度对新政治经济学进行分析,主要涉及经济人假设、交换、均衡、路径依赖等。
The political research in the new political economy in the West involves almost all the fields of politics in Western countries, including voting, election campaigns, political parties, bureaucrats, interest groups, and government. Both involve the legislative process and the administrative process. Since the 1950s, the new political economy has developed very rapidly in the West, especially since the 1970s. Take the case of the United States as an example. In the 1990s, there were a large number of books on the support of the new political economy among the various universities in the United States. In the professional periodicals, the number of related papers has risen sharply. The problems of the study of new political economy are all typical political problems, but new analytical methods are used. The conclusions drawn are also different from those of traditional political science. Some of them are groundbreaking. Therefore, this academic phenomenon is influenced by the new political economy Academic scholars call themselves “rational choice revolution”. This article intends to start with a few basic concepts, and analyzes the new political economy from the perspective of methodology. It mainly deals with the assumptions, exchange, equilibrium and path dependence of the economists.