低位直肠癌的术式选择直接影响患者的生存质量及远期疗效,是近年肛肠外科中争论的热点之一。作者从手术的具体原则、术式选择及其相应的适应证等方面对这一热点进行了详尽阐述。认为依照手术原则,谨慎地选择病例,严格掌握手术指征,既可使部分患者避免不必要的切除肛门,又能保证手术的彻底性,达到既提高患者生存质量,又不影响远期疗效的目的。 The choice of surgery for low rectal cancer has a direct impact on the quality of life and long-term efficacy of patients. It is one of the hot topics in anorectal surgery in recent years. The author elaborated on this hot spot in terms of the specific principles of surgery, the choice of surgical methods, and their corresponding indications. According to the principle of surgery, careful selection of cases, strict control of surgical indications, can make some patients avoid unnecessary removal of the anus, but also to ensure the thoroughness of surgery to achieve both improve the quality of life of patients without affecting the long-term efficacy purpose.