货车结构采用铝合金的经济性首先在于能够减轻车辆自重并进而降低运营费用和增加净载重。经验证明,货车结构件采用铝合金材料,可以减轻重量40～50％。例如,车体为铝合金结构的四轴粮食漏斗车,可比钢结构车辆减轻自重4吨以上。由这种车辆组成的直达货物列车,可以少牵引250～300吨的自重(相应地,可以增加净载重)。在净载重相同的情况下,机车的能量消耗可减少9.5％。铝合金材料最重要的一个优点是耐腐蚀性好,在车辆制造和维护时,可以不使用防 The economic benefits of using aluminum alloy for truck structures lie primarily in the ability to reduce vehicle self-weight and thus reduce operating costs and increase net load. Experience shows that the structural aluminum truck parts, can reduce the weight of 40 to 50%. For example, four-axle food hopper car with aluminum alloy structure can reduce self-weight more than 4 tons compared with steel structure vehicles. A direct freight train consisting of such vehicles can draw a minimum of 250-300 tons of dead weight (corresponding to an increase in net load). In the same net load conditions, the energy consumption of locomotives can be reduced by 9.5%. One of the most important advantages of aluminum alloy material is its good corrosion resistance. It is not necessary to use anti-corrosion in vehicle manufacturing and maintenance