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通过风洞试验对3种典型山体地貌下低矮房屋的风压分布规律进行研究,并与无周边干扰的低矮房屋风压分布进行对比,讨论了低矮房屋在0°风向角下,随山坡与建筑间距变化时,平均风压系数、体型系数的变化规律,进而分析了低矮房屋在0°~90°风向角下平均风压系数的变化趋势。结果表明:当房屋后方有山坡时,建筑迎风面、背风面、侧面和屋面所受风压均为正压;随着房屋与山坡间距的增大,迎风面所受正压总体先减小后增大,侧面与背风面所受正压总体减小,屋面边缘处开始出现负压且绝对值逐渐增大;接近无周边干扰时,建筑表面风压变化显著,其迎风面正压继续增大,而背风面、侧面和屋面所受风压变为负压。从体型系数上看,背风面受山体的影响最为明显,而迎风面受山体的影响较小。迎风屋檐、左侧面左边缘处、右侧面右边缘处及迎风面中线、背风屋面中线、背风面中线处可能产生相对其他部位更大的风压,在设计时应考虑这些较高的局部风压而引入局部风压系数,以避免房屋的局部破坏。在受山体环境影响时,不同风向角下的平均风压系数与无周边影响时相差较大,当风向角为0°且无周边干扰时,迎风屋面的平均风压系数出现负压极值-1.15,在进行低矮房屋设计时,应考虑受山体环境影响时低矮房屋的最不利风向角。
Through the wind tunnel test, the wind pressure distribution of low-rise buildings under three typical mountainous landforms is studied. Compared with the wind pressure distribution of low-rise houses without surrounding disturbance, the wind pressure distribution of low-rise houses at 0 ° wind direction is discussed. The change rule of the average wind pressure coefficient and body shape coefficient when the distance between the hillside and the building is changed, and then analyzes the changing trend of the average wind pressure coefficient of the low house at 0 ° ~ 90 ° wind direction angle. The results show that the wind pressure on the windward, leeward, lateral and roof of the building is positive when the hillside is located behind the house. As the distance between the house and the hillside increases, the positive pressure on the windward surface decreases first and then decreases The positive pressure on the side and the leeward surface decreases as a whole, and the negative pressure starts to appear at the edge of the roof and the absolute value gradually increases. When there is no surrounding interference, the wind pressure on the building surface changes significantly, and the positive pressure on the windward surface continues to increase , And leeward side, side and roof wind pressure becomes negative pressure. From the body coefficient point of view, the leeward surface is most affected by the mountain, while the windward side is less affected by the mountain. Windward eave, the left edge of the left side, the right edge of the right side and the midline of the windward, the midline of the leeward roof, the midline of the leeward surface may produce greater wind pressure than other parts, these higher parts should be considered in design Wind pressure and the introduction of local wind pressure coefficient, in order to avoid local damage to the house. Under the influence of mountain environment, the average wind pressure coefficient under different wind direction angles is quite different from that without surrounding impact. When the wind direction angle is 0 ° and there is no surrounding disturbance, the average wind pressure coefficient of windward roof appears negative pressure extreme value - 1.15. In the design of low-rise buildings, the most unfavorable wind direction angle of low-rise houses affected by the mountain environment should be considered.