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本文运用三阶段DEA(数据包络分析)模型对我国2008年农业生产效率进行了实证研究.结果表明,城市化水平和乡村就业人口平均受教育年限的提高是农业生产效率改善的有利因素;农村居民家庭人均纯收入、财政支农、自然灾害是农业生产效率的不利因素.我国各省市按纯技术效率和规模效率来划分可分为四种不同类型,各地应该结合自身效率的特点,有侧重地提高管理水平或扩大农业生产规模,从而改善农业生产效率.“,”Based on the three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model, this paper researches on the agricultural production efficiency of China in 2008. The results demonstrate that the level of urbanization and the average education years of rural households are beneficial to agricultural production efficiency. However, the per capita annual net income of rural households, the public expenditure on agriculture and the natural disasters have significant negative effects on agricultural production efficiency. Moreover, China can be divided into four types according to pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. So each province should promote the management level or expands the agricultural production scale respectively to improve the agricultural production efficiency.