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1872年美国国会通过了《通用矿业法》,宣布美国境内的一切有价值矿产资源属于国家所有,由联邦和州政府管理矿产地质勘查和开采。随着矿产资源社会关系的改变和矿业生产的发展,矿产勘查和开采的权利与义务,矿产资源的价值,矿业税收,以及保护资源和环境等成为矿产资源管理的主要内容。近百年来,联邦政府颁布各种法律、法令和法规,向社会公开矿产资源管理政策,授权管理机关,规定准许勘查和开采矿产的程序,租赁地产租金标准的评定,优惠减税等制度,保障国家和私人的利益,鼓励矿业投资和经营活动。
In 1872 the United States Congress passed the General Mining Law, announcing that all valuable mineral resources in the United States belonged to the state and the federal and state governments administered mineral geological exploration and exploitation. With the change of social relations of mineral resources and the development of mining production, the rights and obligations of mineral exploration and exploitation, the value of mineral resources, mining tax revenue, and the protection of resources and environment have become the main contents of mineral resources management. In the past century, the federal government promulgated various laws, decrees and regulations to publicize mineral resources management policies to the public, authorize regulatory agencies, provide procedures for permitting exploration and exploitation of minerals, assess rent standard for rental properties, National and private interests, encourage mining investment and business activities.