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造血干细胞表达同源盒基因、T细胞因子7L2基因、丝氨酸-苏氨酸蛋白激酶11基因、脂联素启动子基因及巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子基因等遗传多态性与妊娠期糖尿病( GDM)的发生密切相关；腺苷受体的高表达及脂溶性维生素D缺乏也与GDM相关。 GDM引起胎盘线粒体DNA拷贝数下降和DNA氧化损伤，并使胎盘的微血管内皮功能发生障碍，导致不良围生期结果。钙蛋白酶10基因与2型糖尿病相关，但与妊娠期糖尿病没有联系，表明基因只是糖尿病可能发生的基础，表观遗传修饰也发挥重要作用。“,”The mechanism of gestational diabetes mellitus( GDM) is closely related with genetic poly-morphisms of hematopoietically expressed homeobox,T cell factor 7L2,serine threonine protein kinase 11, adiponectin gene promoter,macrophage migration inhibitory factor and so on,which is also associated with high expression of adenosine receptors and fat soluble vitamin D deficiency. GDM causes the placenta mito-chondrial DNA copy number decrease and DNA oxidative damage,and obstacles in the placental microvascu-lar endothelial function,resulting in adverse perinatal outcome. Calpain-10 gene is associated with type 2 dia-betes mellitus,but not with gestational diabetes,indicating that the gene is only the basis of diabetes mellitus, and epigenetic modifications also play an important role.