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在总结前人成果研究的基础上,通过研究断层面是否紧闭及对断裂带物质上下排替压力的分析,提出了断层垂向封闭性形成的两种机理,即断层面压力引起的断层面紧闭封闭机制和由断裂带上下物质的排替压力差形成的封闭机制。而影响断层垂向封闭性的主要影响因素是断面正压力、断面产伏及断裂填充物的性质。通过对断层两盘接触岩层之间以及两盘与断裂填充物之间排替压力的相对大小和是否有泥岩涂抹层形成的分析,提出了断层侧向封闭性形成的3种机制:①由砂泥对接形成的侧向封闭机制;②由断裂带高排替压力形成的侧向封闭机制;③由泥岩涂抹层形成的侧向封闭机制。而影响其侧向封闭性的主要因素有断移地层的砂泥比值、泥岩涂抹的程度和断裂填充物质的性质。
On the basis of summarizing the achievements of predecessors, two mechanisms of the formation of vertical sealing of the fault are proposed by studying whether the fault plane is tight and the displacement pressure of upper and lower fault zones. Closure mechanism and closed by the formation of upper and lower fracture pressure of the material formed by the pressure difference between the closure mechanism. The main influencing factors of the vertical sealing of the fault are the positive cross-section pressure, the yield of the section and the properties of the fracture filler. By analyzing the relative size of displacement pressure between the two contact rock layers and between the two plates and the fracture filler and the formation of mudstone smear, three mechanisms for the formation of lateral sealing of the fault are proposed: (1) Lateral confinement mechanism formed by mud butt jointing; lateral confinement mechanism formed by high displacement pressure of fault zone; and lateral confinement mechanism formed by smear layer of mudstone. The main factors that affect the lateral confinement are the ratio of sand and mud in the faulted strata, the degree of smear of mudstone and the nature of the fracture filler.