目的和方法：经肝活检诊断为慢性迁延性肝炎（ＣＰＨ）５１例，均做ＰＣＲ、斑点杂交进行肝组织、血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ检测，同时用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测了ＨＢＶ血清标志物。结果，ＨＢＶＤＮＡ检出率依次为肝组织ＰＣＲ９４１％（４８／５１）、血清ＰＣＲ９２２％（４７／５１）和肝组织斑点杂交９０２％（４６／５１）。三者之间无显著差异（χ２＝０４９５，Ｐ＞００５）。各项血清标志物总检出率ＨＢｓＡｇ３７２％（１９／５１），ＨＢｅＡｇ３３３％（１７／５１）和抗－ＨＢｅ２１５％（１１／１５），显著低于ＰＣＲ和斑点杂交ＨＢＶＤＮＡ的检出率（χ２＝３０．９，Ｐ＜０００５）。在抗－ＨＢｅ（＋）的１１例患者中１０例检出肝组织和血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ，８例抗－ＨＢｓ（＋）患者，６例肝组织及血清ＰＣＲＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性，结论：表明抗－ＨＢｅ（＋）及／或抗－ＨＢｓ（＋）不能代表ＨＢＶ复制停止或被清除，并且肝脏病变可仍然存在 PURPOSE AND METHODS: Totally 51 cases of chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) were diagnosed by liver biopsy. HBV and serum HBV DNA were detected by PCR and dot blot hybridization. The serum HBV markers were detected by ELISA. Results The detection rates of HBVDNA were 94.1% (48/51) in PCR, 92.2% (47/51) in PCR and 90.2% (46/51) in liver. There was no significant difference between the three (χ2 = 0495, P> 005). The overall detection rate of serum HBsAg was 372% (19/51), HBeAg 333% (17/51) and anti-HBe 215% (11/15), which were significantly lower than those of PCR and dot blot hybridization The detection rate (χ2 = 30.9, P <0005). Liver and serum HBVDNA were detected in 10 out of 11 patients with anti-HBe (+), 8 in patients with anti-HBs (+), and 6 in liver and serum PCR HBVDNA. Conclusions: Anti-HBe (+ And / or anti-HBs (+) can not stop or be cleared on HBV replication, and liver lesions may still be present