在化学教学中怎样来培养学生的思维能力呢?寻同求异是一条重要途径。在四册中学化学课本里,除原子结构和元素周期律知识较集中外,还有很多雷同的结构、现象和实验,分散在各册书里。在教学中,引导学生寻找这些“雷同”之处,并进行对比,继而再找出它们的差异,不仅可以使学生加深对基础知识的理解,而且还培养了学生求异思维的能力。现举数例,加以说明。一、具有正四面体结构的物质高中课本里有金刚石、晶体硅、甲烷、四氯化碳和白磷等物质。尽管都是正四面体构型,但组成性质还存在一定的区别。例如:1.金刚石、晶体硅金刚石晶体中每个碳原子都处在正四面体的中 How to cultivate students’ thinking ability in chemistry teaching? Finding the same and seeking differences is an important way. In the four volumes of middle school chemistry textbooks, there are many similar structures, phenomena, and experiments, apart from the concentration of atomic structure and periodical knowledge of the elements, scattered throughout the books. In teaching, guiding students to look for these “similarities” and compare them, and then find out their differences, can not only enable students to deepen their understanding of basic knowledge, but also cultivate students’ ability to think differently. Here are a few examples to illustrate. 1. Materials with a regular tetrahedral structure High school textbooks include diamond, crystalline silicon, methane, carbon tetrachloride and white phosphorus. Although all are regular tetrahedral configurations, there are certain differences in the compositional properties. For example: 1. Each carbon atom in diamond, crystalline silicon diamond crystals is in the tetrahedral