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目的分析泰州市某村镇小学发生的一起水痘暴发疫情的流行特征。方法收集小学男女生发病情况、各年级发病情况,采用病例对照研究的流行病学方法对水痘疫情暴露人群进行统计学分析。结果全校在校师生728人(其中学生697人),无死亡病例,且病例皆为学生;男生罹患率10.51%(37/352),女生罹患率为11.88%(41/345),两者差别无统计学意义(x2=0.33,P>0.05)。病例主要集中在四年级及以下班级,共有学生481人,发病68例,罹患率14.14%(68/481);五、六年级罹患率为4.63%(10/216),差别有统计学意义(x2=13.56,P<0.05)。一年级~四年级班级男生罹患率为13.58%(33/243),女生罹患率为14.70%(35/238),差别无统计学意义(x2=0.12,P>0.05);五年级~六年级班级男生罹患率为4.59%(5/109),女生罹患率为4.67%(5/107),差别无统计学意义(x2=0.000 90,P>0.05)。结论该村镇小学水痘暴发疫情主要集中在四年级及以下班级,与各年级男女生比例无关。早发现、早期隔离病人、早期对症治疗和防治并发症是水痘暴发疫情最关键的预防控制措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of chickenpox occurring in a village primary school in Taizhou City. Methods The prevalence and prevalence of boys and girls in primary school were collected. Epidemiology of case-control study was used to analyze the prevalence of chicken pox. Results There were 728 teachers and students (including 697 students) without any deaths and all the cases were students. The prevalence rate of boys was 10.51% (37/352) and that of girls was 11.88% (41/345) The difference was not statistically significant (x2 = 0.33, P> 0.05). The cases mainly concentrated in the fourth grade and below classes, a total of 481 students, 68 cases, the incidence of 14.14% (68/481); fifth and sixth grade attack rate was 4.63% (10/216), the difference was statistically significant x2 = 13.56, P <0.05). The prevalence rate of boys in the first grade to the fourth grade was 13.58% (33/243) and the prevalence of girls was 14.70% (35/238), with no significant difference (x2 = 0.12, P> 0.05). The fifth grade to the sixth grade The attack rate of class boys was 4.59% (5/109) and that of girls was 4.67% (5/107). The difference was not statistically significant (x2 = 0.00090, P> 0.05). Conclusions The outbreaks of chickenpox in primary schools in this village are mainly concentrated in the fourth grade and below, which has nothing to do with the proportion of boys and girls in each grade. Early detection and early isolation of patients, early symptomatic treatment and prevention and treatment of complications is the most important prevention and control measures for the outbreak of chicken pox.