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1.前言飞机和宇宙火箭等空间飞行器,在其寿命过程中,经常要承受因环境或自然环境所带来的振动载荷。例如飞机所特有的声疲劳是喷气或火箭发动机、螺旋桨、冲击波等等压力变化引起飞机结构剧烈振动,短时间内造成机器故障或结构疲劳破坏的一种现象。颤振是空气动力与结构耦合产生的动不稳定现象,一旦发生即导致飞机破坏。为了考虑这些影响进行合理的设计,就必须正确预测和估计振源的类型、特性以及结构响应。为此,在进行动态分析的同时,还要进行部件或整机的振动试验,以确保空间飞行器的安全可靠。
1. Introduction Space vehicles such as aircraft and space rockets often bear the vibration load caused by the environment or the natural environment during their lifetime. For example, the aircraft-specific acoustic fatigue is a phenomenon caused by the pressure changes of jet engines or rocket engines, propellers, shock waves and the like, causing violent vibration of the aircraft structure and causing mechanical failure or structural fatigue damage in a short period of time. Flutter is a dynamic instability created by the coupling of aerodynamics and structure, which, once it occurs, causes damage to the aircraft. In order to properly design these effects, the type, characteristics, and structural response of the vibrator must be correctly predicted and estimated. To this end, in the dynamic analysis at the same time, but also to carry out component or machine vibration test to ensure the safety of spacecraft.