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为社会公众提供优质的服务,无疑是所有现代意义博物馆的天职,其对博物馆事业健康发展的重要性是毋庸置疑的。博物馆公众服务功能的发挥需要多维度的考虑,既有诸如《博物馆条例》等制度性设计作为保障,更要有博物馆职业道德准则的自律与约束,而后者是衡量博物馆行业是否成熟的重要标准。在博物馆界,《国际博物馆协会博物馆职业道德准则》被公认为博物馆及其从业者的最低标准,比较清晰地反映了当代博物馆发展的新形势和新要求。它的相关原则在博物馆公众服务领域的引入,不仅约定了博物馆与公众的关系,弥补了博物馆法律工具的滞后性,而且帮助博物馆在利益博弈中做出正确判断。值得关注的是,中国博物馆在引入上述职业道德准则的过程中,如何制定资助和创收政策,如何解读和展示敏感文化物品,如何尊重所处或所服务的社区,如何对待非传统服务对象等,仍需要业界理性面对、深入讨论。
To provide the public with excellent service is undoubtedly the bounden duty of all modern significance museums, and its importance to the healthy development of the museum’s business is beyond doubt. The function of public service of museums needs multidimensional consideration. Both the institutional design such as “Regulations of Museums” and the self-discipline and restraint of museum ethics should be considered. The latter is an important standard to measure the maturity of the museum industry. In the world of museums, the IAEA Museums Code of Professional Ethics is widely recognized as the minimum standard for museums and their practitioners, and more clearly reflects the new situation and new requirements for the development of contemporary museums. The introduction of its relevant principles in the field of public service of museums not only stipulates the relationship between museums and the public, makes up for the lag of museum legal tools, but also helps the museum to make the right judgments in the game of interests. It is noteworthy that in the process of introducing these professional ethics guidelines, Chinese museums should formulate subsidy and revenue-generating policies, how to interpret and display sensitive cultural objects, how to respect the communities in which they serve or serve and how to treat non-traditional service targets, Still need the industry rational face, in-depth discussion.