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T2DM是一种常见的慢性代谢疾病,其病因复杂,由环境因素和遗传因素共同作用引起。目前,治疗T2DM的口服降糖药主要有双胍类,磺脲类,TZDs,氯茴苯酸类等几大类。已经确定一些基因与T2DM的发展和治疗效果有关。人类基因组中个体间的差异会影响T2DM发展趋势和同一药物疗法的个性化反应。药物基因组学研究的重点是基因单核苷酸多态性及其对药物疗效和毒性的个性化反应的影响。T2DM的药物基因组学研究对于精准医学以及个性化用药的应用具有重要的意义,改善糖尿病治疗效果。本文对糖尿病治疗药物及其相关的基因多态性信息进行综述。
T2DM is a common chronic metabolic disease, its etiology is complex, caused by the combination of environmental factors and genetic factors. Currently, oral hypoglycemic agents for the treatment of T2DM are mainly biguanides, sulfonylureas, TZDs, meglitinides and other categories. It has been established that some genes are involved in the development and treatment of T2DM. Differences between individuals in the human genome can affect T2DM trends and individualized responses to the same drug regimen. Pharmacogenomics studies have focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms and their impact on individualized responses to drug effects and toxicity. The study of pharmacogenomics of T2DM is of great significance to the application of precision medicine and personalized medicine to improve the therapeutic effect of diabetes. This article reviews the information on diabetes therapies and their associated genetic polymorphisms.